Printed Treasures:
印刷珍宝
Original Prints by Picasso, Matisse, and Other Masters of Modern
Western Art
毕加索、马蒂斯以及其他西方现代画家制作的原件版画
1. What is a print?
1.什么是版画?
According to the Print Council of America, “An original print is a work of art” in which “ the artist alone has created the master image in or upon the plate, stone, wood block or other material, for the purpose of creating the print.” Some of the greatest western artists, from Dürer and Rembrandt to Picasso and Matisse, created original prints. Unlike paintings, prints can be produced in multiple impressions. This has provided an extra source of income to the artist, and it has also made his work available (and more affordable) to art collectors.
根据美国印刷理事会,“原件版画是艺术品”,是由艺术家独自创作的画作,刻在金属板、石头、木头等其他材料之上,目的是为了制作版画。一些杰出的西方画家,从丢勒、伦勃朗到毕加索、马蒂斯,均创作了原件版画。和绘画不一样,版画可以大量生产。这可以为画家提供额外的收入,并且使他的作品能够被更多的艺术收藏者所接受。
There are many kinds of prints, examples of which can be seen in this exhibition. An etching is made by an artist drawing with a needle on a copper plate that has been covered with varnish. A woodcut is a drawing
made on a block of wood areas that appear white on the print are cut out of the wood with a knife. A lithograph is a drawing made on limestone with a special kind of crayon or pencil, impressions are then made from the image on the stone. An aquatint is an image with rich ink effects, in a sugar aquatint, sugar is mixed with the ink.
版画有许多种,其中的一些在这次展览中可以看到。蚀刻版画是由画家用针把画刻在铜板上,再在表面涂一层油漆。木刻版画是把……
Beginning in the 19th century, some western artists created a series of prints to accompany a famous book. The French call these volumes “livres d’artistes”. Evgene Delacroix, for example, illustrated Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Goethe’s Faust. In the 20th century Picasso illustrated the Spanish 17th century poet Luis Gongora, and Matisse illustrated such French poets as Charles d’Orleans, Ronsard, Baudelaire, and Mallarmé. The art dealer Ambroise Vollard and the publisher,Albert Skira commissioned livres d’artistes
from many of the artists in this exhibition. For Skira, Picasso illustrated Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Matisse illustrated the poetry of Mallarmé, and Derain illustrated Rabelais’ Pantagruel. For Vollard, Picasso depicted the delightful animals for Buffon’s Histoire Naturelle, and Rouault created his masterpiece, Miserere.Other prints in this exhibition were commissioned by famous French art dealers and publishers, Maeght, Tériade, and Mourlot.
从19世纪开始,一些西方艺术家为著名的书籍创造了一系列插画。法国人称这些书籍“livres d’artistes”。比如,欧仁·德拉克洛瓦曾经为莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》和歌德的《浮士德》做过插图。20世纪,毕加索给西班牙17世纪的诗人路易斯·贡戈拉的诗集做过插图,马蒂斯为许多法国诗人绘过插图,诸如查尔斯·德·奥尔良、龙萨、波德莱尔和马拉美。在这次展览中,有艺术经纪人安博洛伊斯•沃拉德和出版商埃尔伯特·斯吉拉委托的许多艺术家的书。接受斯吉拉的建议,毕加索为奥维德的《变形记》,马蒂斯为马拉美的诗集,以及德龙为拉伯雷的《巨人传》均做过插画。而由于沃拉德的委托,毕加索描绘了蒲丰的《自然史》中讨人喜爱的动物,卢奥创作了他的杰作——怜悯。在这次展览中展出的其他版画也是受著名的法国艺术经纪人和出版商玛格、特里亚德、穆洛等人委托而作。
2. The Artists in the Exhibition
2.展览中的画家
Eight of the greatest modern western artists are represented in this exhibition. All of them worked in France during the first half of the 20th century. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) was born in Spain, but he lived in France
from 1901 until his death. He and the French-born painter Georges Braque(1882-1963) created the most influential art movement of the 20thcentury, Cubism, around 1907.The Cubist painters (inspired by Paul Cezanne) sought to depict the basic structures of reality in the form of lines, cubes, rectangles etc. The other great art movement of the early 20th century, Fauvism was created in 1905 by French painters Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and André Derain (1880-1954). The Fauve painters were inspired by Vincent Van Gogh’s expressive use of color. Two artists who exhibited (as young men) with the Fauves were Georges Rouault(1871-1958) and Raoul Dufy (1877-1953), but both artists later developed very personal styles.(Dufy greatly influenced famous Chinese painter Wu Guanzhong.)Marc Chagall (1887-1985) emigrated to France from Russia, John Miro (1893-1983) emigrated from Spain. Each created a very imaginative and poetic style of painting which is sometimes called Surrealism.The two greatest western painters of the 20th century, Picasso and Matisse, painted in a variety of styles. In this exhibition, we see their traditional (“classical”) roots.
这次展出的,有八位公认的现在西方最杰出的画家的画作。这些画家活跃在20世纪前半叶的法国。毕加索(1881-1973)生于西班牙,但是从1901年他就居住在法国,一直到去世。1907前后,他和出生在法国的画家乔治·布拉克(1882-1963)共同开创了20世纪最有影响力的艺术运动——立体主义。立体主义画家(受保罗·塞尚的启发)寻求以线条、立方体和矩形等简单形式,来描绘现实的基本结构。20世纪的其他艺术运动,野兽派产生于1905年,代表人物是法国画家亨利·马蒂斯(1869-1954)和安德烈·德兰(1880-1954)。野兽派的画家从文森特·梵高表现丰富的绘画色彩中获得灵感。展览中的两位艺术家乔治·卢奥(1871-1958)和拉乌尔·杜菲(1877-1953)在年轻时也受到野兽派的启发,但是他们在之后都形成了自己的绘画风格,特别是著名中国画家吴冠中深受杜菲的影响。马克·夏加尔(1887-1985)是从俄国到法国的移民,约翰·米罗(1893-1983)同样也是来自西班牙。每一位画家都开创了梦幻的、诗意的的绘画风格,这种画派被称为超现实主义。毕加索和马蒂斯,这两位20世纪最杰出的绘画大师,创作了大量的超现实主义画作。在这次展览中,我们可以看到他们传统的(古典的)艺术根源。 结语 这次展出的版画是北京大学的访问教授唐纳德·斯通先生捐赠给北京大学赛克勒考古与艺术博物馆的。斯通教授是西方艺术史的专家。这次他把自己珍藏的版画慷慨地捐献给了博物馆,让我们有机会欣赏德拉克洛瓦这位伟大的浪漫主义大师的作品。我们非常感谢斯通教授的慷慨捐赠,同时我们还感谢美国赛克勒艺术、科学与人文基金会对本展览的资助。
This display print is the Peking University visiting Professor Donald Stone donates for The Arthur M. Sackler museum of Art and Archaeology. Professor Stone is the western art history expert. He donated his collection to museum. Let us have the opportunity to appreciate the great romanticism's work. We extremely hanks professor Stone's generous donation, we also thank the Arthur M. Sackler Foundation for the Art, Sciences and Humanities support to this display.